Getting Plants Ready For Winter In Ohio

Winter in Northeast Ohio can be challenging for gardeners, as freezing temperatures, snow, and fluctuating weather can stress or even kill plants if they're not properly prepared. Taking the time to winterize your garden now will help your outdoor plants survive until spring. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to get your outdoor plants ready for winter in Northeast Ohio.

1. Know Your Plants' Hardiness

Ohio falls within USDA hardiness zones 5 and 6, so most plants grown here can handle temperatures as low as -10°F to -20°F. Check each plant’s hardiness level, as this will help you decide which plants need the most protection. Tender perennials, herbs, and newly planted shrubs may need extra attention compared to hardy shrubs and trees.

2. Clean Up the Garden

Start by cleaning up dead leaves, branches, and other debris from your garden beds. Diseased leaves and dead plants can harbor pests and pathogens, which can spread in the spring. Remove and dispose of any diseased plant material rather than composting it.

3. Prune Selectively

Pruning helps prevent snow damage, improves airflow, and keeps plants looking tidy. However, not all plants should be pruned in the fall. Here’s a quick guide:

• Deciduous trees and shrubs: Light pruning to remove dead or damaged branches is okay, but avoid heavy pruning. Wait until late winter or early spring for major cuts.
• Perennials: Trim back spent blooms and stems, especially for plants like hostas and daylilies, which can harbor pests. For plants like coneflowers, consider leaving seed heads for birds.
• Evergreens: Avoid pruning in fall; it’s best done in early spring.

4. Mulch for Insulation

Mulching is one of the best ways to protect plant roots from the harsh freeze-thaw cycle typical of Ohio winters. Spread a 2-3 inch layer of organic mulch (like shredded bark or compost) around the base of plants. This helps to:

• Regulate soil temperature.
• Retain moisture.
• Prevent heaving, which can uproot plants as the ground freezes and thaws.

5. Water Thoroughly Before the First Freeze

Hydrated plants are better equipped to survive the winter. Give your garden a deep watering before the ground freezes. Focus on evergreens, shrubs, and newly planted trees, as they’re more susceptible to winter desiccation. A well-hydrated root system can retain warmth longer, which can help plants survive unexpected cold snaps.

6. Wrap or Shield Sensitive Plants

For tender shrubs, roses, and young trees, consider adding an extra layer of protection:

• Burlap wrap: Wrap burlap around sensitive shrubs and small trees to shield them from wind and prevent sunscald. Leave air gaps for ventilation.
• Frost blankets: For smaller plants, frost blankets or garden cloths can help trap heat and protect them from cold spells.
• Tree guards: Protect young trees from deer, rabbits, and harsh winds by wrapping trunks with tree guards or using a wire mesh.

7. Bring Potted Plants Indoors

Plants in pots are particularly vulnerable to the cold because their roots are more exposed than those in the ground. Bring potted plants like herbs, tropicals, or tender perennials indoors before temperatures drop consistently below 40°F. For large pots that can’t be moved, wrap them in burlap or bubble wrap for insulation.

8. Consider Wintering Over Bulbs

If you grow tender bulbs like dahlias, cannas, or gladiolus, dig them up after the first frost. Let the bulbs dry, then store them in a cool, dark place over winter, ideally in a box filled with dry sawdust or peat moss to keep them from rotting. Replant them in the spring after the danger of frost has passed.

9. Protect Evergreens from Winter Burn

Winter burn is a common problem for evergreen trees and shrubs, caused by harsh winter winds that dry out their leaves or needles. To prevent this:

• Water evergreens deeply before the ground freezes.
• Consider applying an anti-desiccant spray to help prevent moisture loss.
• Use windbreaks or burlap wraps on especially vulnerable evergreens.

10. Check for Pest Prevention

As winter approaches, pests may look for places to overwinter. Inspect plants for signs of pests, and treat any infestations before they go dormant. Applying dormant oil spray on trees and shrubs in late fall can prevent pest issues come spring.

Final Thoughts

Preparing your garden for winter takes some planning, but it can make a world of difference when spring arrives. By following these steps, you’ll give your plants the best chance to survive Northeast Ohio’s winter and flourish in the spring. So grab your tools, bundle up, and give your plants the attention they need for a healthy start next year!

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